How do you ask a question in Russian?

Two main ways: 1) Yes/no questions—often the same word order as a statement; you just change your intonation (voice goes up at the end). In writing, the question mark shows it. 2) Wh-questions—you use question words: кто (who), что (what), где (where), когда (when), как (how), какой (what kind/which), почему (why), сколько (how much/many). The word order can be flexible; the question word often comes first. We practice this a lot in conversation so it becomes natural.

So no "do" or "does"—just intonation and question words. That's actually simpler!